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- >> Fr. Lucien Kemble is a Franciscan friar living in Alberta, Canada.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
- I am grateful to Jim Speiser for introducing me, via some lengthy and
- stimulating exchanges at the last two CSICOP conferences (Boulder and Pasa-
- dena), to this UFO debate. As an advanced and avid amateur astronomer and
- one who is keenly interested in and fairly well-read in many areas of sci-
- ence, I have followed the UFO controversies since their inception. I have
- also been interested in all phenomena of the natural world, as a Francis-
- can Friar and priest, follower of St. Francis of Assisi, sharing his great
- love for the physical universe. Drawing on scientific methods of critique
- and on the necessity of rational bases for what is called "faith", both
- scientific and religious, I have discovered a complementarity, not a con-
- tradiction, between science and faith. But that is another story.
-
- As regards the UFO debate: I think it absolutely necessary to make
- some important distinctions and to clarify usage of terms. I have been
- asked very frequently, "With your telescope and viewing of the heavens,
- have you ever seen any UFOs?" Without being facetious, I usually reply,
- "Yeah, lots of them. Why, just the other day I saw an unidentified bird
- flying down the valley. And once I saw a tiny, strange, periodic flashing
- in the sky for which I had no explanation." I know what is behind such
- questions - the universal confusion between UFO's and flying saucers or
- Extra-terrestrial Phenomena (ETP's). It needs repeating ad nauseum that
- UFO's are, by definition, precisely unidentified and therefore, even
- though they demand full examination, they ought not be, but usually are,
- identified via wishful thinking with an ETP, spaceship, alien visitations,
- etc.
-
- But, in spite of this persistent confusion, there ought to be always
- as full an investigation as possible, without an a priori acceptance or re-
- jection. Most people are usually let down when their supposed ETP is ex-
- plainable or explained simply in terms of a very natural, but to them un-
- familiar, down-to-earth phenomenon. To such people, rational, critical ex-
- planations are so much "taking the fun out of life." There is always room
- for "fun", but not at the expense of clear thinking.
-
- A second necessary distinction in this, as in other areas of inquiry,
- has to do with an ambiguous use of words such as "skeptic," "criticism,"
- "judgement," etc. Too often these and like words seem to carry, quite
- wrongfully, the idea of condemnation of a person. When the statement is
- made, "you are so critical!", it is usually meant as a reproach. In reali-
- ty it should be considered a compliment. True criticism, critique, is a
- quality whereby the critic uses his full powers of intelligent inquiry,
- taking nothing for granted or by gut reaction, feelings, etc., but who
- evaluates, weighs, judges. He takes into account all pertinent facts, ex-
- cludes all contradictory evidence, and at least tries to avoid personal
- feelings and interest, preconceived opinions, etc. One may have a so-
- called right to one's opinion, but that opinion becomes objectively valid
- only when it conforms to critically evaluated data.
-
- A third distinction has to do with weighing possibilities against
- probabilities against certitude. There are few of the latter, but one
- really gets into hot water, especially in the UFO/ETP debate, when one
- begins with a mere possibility and expands it, e.g. "Inhabited worlds are
- POSSIBLE. Therefore there are PROBABLY hundreds of more advanced civili-
- zations. Surely, then, ET's and spaceships HAVE to exist (CERTITUDE). A
- capital principle in logic is never to cross the border from one assertion
- to the next. A "possible" remains only that, and neither it nor a probable
- becomes a fact. To date, as regards UFOs being anything but naturally ex-
- plicable phenomena, there are no hard certainties or facts or, for that
- matter, even probabilities.
-
- A fourth clarification, and an important one, deals with things that
- can be known but not proven. Generally, knowledge is gained via three path-
- ways: evidence; rational proof from assured data or principles; faith, of
- any kind. Physical hands-on evidence is, of course, fundamental, provided
- illusion, sense-defective collecting of data, etc., are excluded. ET ori-
- gins of UFOs are out of the question so far, as regards hard evidence.
- Rational proof or intellectually critical evaluation, is of the utmost
- importance as a human pathway to truth. The third mode knowledge is the
- one that gives us trouble because of our western bias concerning an imag-
- ined faith/reason exclusivity and contradiction. But, looked at object-
- ively, most of our ordinary knowledge indeed comes to us via some kind of
- faith. St. Paul gives a good definition of faith by calling it the "sub-
- stance of things unseen, but hoped for or trusted in." As an example, I
- personally did not see Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon - all I did see
- was TV coverage of an event which now KNOW to be true. I take it on faith
- or trust in the reliability of TV networks (which can be verified). Such
- coverage can be reliable in this respect (in spite of so many other unreli-
- abilities of TV as truth purveyors. In short, the value of any knowledge
- gleaned through faith is going to be as strong as the reliability of my
- source. I may not fully comprehend all that I do believe, nor even be able
- to prove it for that matter, but I must always be ready with good reasons
- to prove WHY I believe. Anything less is gullibility. And the same applies
- to the opposite, i.e. one must back up one's rejection of any reported
- phenomenon with as solid reasons as one would want for acceptance.
-
- In the UFO/ETP debate, then, it would seem that there are two extreme
- camps: the fervent "believers" with nothing to really back up their asser-
- tions; the "scoffers" who dismiss without any real reasons for doing so.
- In this, as in so many other areas of supposedly extraordinary phenomena,
- one has to be open to full, unbiased research, sifting of facts, ridding
- oneself of bias one way or the other and, in general, trying to be as ob-
- jective as possible.
-
- In specific areas, the arguments against UFOs being ETP's and the
- option, for the time being, for their explanation as purely earthly, mater-
- ial phenomena, are many and convincing. But that's for another time.
-
- Respectfully submitted,
-
-
- LJK